Top Writing Term Paper Tips!

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Why Choose A College Essay?

Why Choose A College Essay?Are you wondering why choose a college essay? The requirements for college admissions are very stringent. Students must have all of the necessary knowledge to be successful at the college level and this can often be difficult for them to do if they don't have the proper tools.One of the reasons why choosing a college essay is to help these students to have an edge over the competition. They can't go by word of mouth or by any form of recommendation, unless they have high school teachers that they have known for years. The typical student, on the other hand, may not know anyone that has a bachelor's degree. What can these students do to help improve their chances?The first reason why a college essay is so important is because it allows these students to become more articulate. Their confidence will increase and they will be able to express their ideas clearly. Students will also learn how to use tools such as academic writing software to make their essays co me to life.Another reason to choose a college essay is because it will allow these students to be evaluated and judged in a more formal setting. This isn't the case with most students who are doing other things on the side. It is also important for the students to know that their grades will affect whether or not they get into their top choices of colleges. It also allows them to compare notes with other students.For the average student, a college essay should help them be better prepared for what they will face on their first day. Not only will it help them write their essays, but it will also give them a clearer idea of what the average essays look like. They can find examples online, but the best way to find good examples is to see a college counselor.For the students who are taking tests or who are preparing for an exam, a college essay is a great way to improve their chances of passing. Most students don't even realize this and tend to consider it just another requirement for c ollege admissions. However, having this opportunity to practice their writing skills will give them the edge.Another reason is that these essays can open up the door to many opportunities for these students. It is true that writing and speaking are two of the hardest things to do, but some people choose to pursue this in college instead of trying to excel in one area. They have no real direction for themselves and must figure out what they want to do with their lives. This is the perfect opportunity for them to find their niche and find their purpose.The college essay is a skill that everyone needs to learn. It is also a skill that most people don't think about until it is too late. The first few chances that these students have to write good essays are a small window to the world of possibility.

Essay Writing Topics in English

Essay Writing Topics in EnglishWhen it comes to essay writing topics in English, there are a few different types of topics you will find. Some of these topics include topic titles and it will seem that they are similar to the types of topics that you might find in high school English classes. In order to have an easier time selecting the proper topic for your English writing project, you should look into these topics first before making any major decisions.One of the first things you want to consider is how you will use the essay you write. Do you plan on writing a student essay or a non-fiction essay? You should know if your topic is for a teacher, a dissertation, or if you intend to write a report or dissertation.While a non-fiction essay will require a more professional writer to create the required skills, a student based writing assignment will require a less professional writer. This is because the entire purpose of this topic is to allow the student to choose what they want to discuss and not have an established idea about the topic already in place. In fact, you may want to ask yourself if you can relate to the subject matter you want to discuss or if the topics is something you are unsure about or have never read. You will then need to research on the topic areas to give you an idea of what your personal style is and what information you can provide to a reader.Essays can also be set in a particular region of the country or in a particular time period. This will help you narrow down the topics you will need to think about and give you an idea of how specific it can be. Some examples of topics that you can choose from include:You should also consider which topic you would want to use for your online research. Some topics might require a larger amount of research than others. If you would like to go to the trouble of doing more research than needed, you should make sure you give yourself enough time to get the research done.Finally, consider all of the c hoices that will influence the final analysis and use the information that is provided to you. Since there is a wide variety of choices, you might have to start by looking at the options that you have and then choosing which ones are best for you. This will help you narrow down the topics you have available to you in order to write the best essay possible.When you are looking at essays that you can write about, you will likely come across topics that can include a number of interesting things. It is important to consider each one and try to focus on topics that will provide you with the information you need to write a well-written paper. For more tips on writing an English essay, please see my article on Writing Essay Topics in English.

Financial Ratio Analysis of British Airways Free Essays

INTRODUCTION British Airways is the largest international airline in the world. It is based at the busiest international airport of the world named Heathrow Airport with holding 42% of land slots. It has a global flight network through partners such as American Airways in US and Qantas in Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Ratio Analysis of British Airways or any similar topic only for you Order Now It serves about 150 destinations in some 75 countries. British Airways is, through its subsidiary British Airways World Cargo the words twelfth largest cargo airline. British Airways world cargo has global fright opportunities through the British Airways flight routes. Due to recession, British Airways faced loss in the year 2008-09. So the company took the decision to get merged with Lberia. As a result it reported half yearly profit of 158m, first in last two years. In 2010 it revealed the double whammy of volcanic ash cloud from Iceland and cabin crew strikes. British airways reported a pre-tax loss of 164m, larger than 148m loss it made in the same period last year. But they performed really better at the end of the current year and gained profits. ND British Airways’ earliest predecessor was an Aircraft Travel Pvt. Ltd. It was found in 1916. On August 25, 1919 the company inaugurated the world’s first scheduled international airways service. In November 1936 British Overseas Airways Corporation was found. The long term service was started by British European Airways in 1946. After the integration of British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways, British Airways was found in March 1974. Company was officially incorporated in the year 1984. Company’s operational headquarter is situated at Heathrow airbase. Company serves to more than 150 top destinations of the world and carries about 32 million passengers on average annually. British Airways faced many ups and downs during its journey. Company faced losses due to the strike of its crew members. The strike continued for 22 days and led company to the estimated loss of ?150m. After earning good profits in the previous years, it faced huge col lapse during mid of 2008 and it continued for around two years. In 2010 company announced to merge with Lberia. And finally on April 8, 2010 the combination was established. After this combination, now at the end of this year it is estimated that company will have profits. Combination of British Airways and Lberia will lead company to great profits. Performance is improving day by day. Performance of last six months is far better than previous time period. Financial Analysis Current Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Current Assets267423463148 Current Liabilities374041423244 Proportion0.710.570.97 Interpretation: This Ratio is to calculate that which assets we can turn in to cash. In current liabilities we count long term borrowings, Bills payable etc. The ratio in year 2008 was 0.97which came down in year 2009 to 0.57 and in 2010 it was felt down to 0.71. This shows the current assts are recovered in 2010 after fell down in 2009. Quick Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Liquid Assets257622193036 Current Liabilities374041423244 Proportion0.690.540.94 Interpretation: This ratio is to calculate the liquid assets of the company. In year 2008 ratio was 0.94 which reduced to 0.54 in year 2009 but once again in year 2010 it came back to 0.69. The reason behind that current liabilities effects ratio indirectly. Stock Turnover: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Sale799489928758 Stock98127112 Proportion82days71days79days Interpretation: The average number of Days Company hold the stock called stock days. In year 2008 the stock turnover was 79 days it slight came down in year 2009 to 71 days but in year 2010 it again went up to 82 days. Company should circulate their stock and generate cash in small days for better growth. Debtors Collection Period: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Debtors*365182135193450213890 Sales799489928758 Proportion23days22days25days Interpretation: Sale or investment in fixed assets is good but company should check their debtors. This ratio helps to calculate that average in what time company receive money from debtors. British Airways debtor’s collection period in 2008 was 25days which came down in year 2009 to 22days and in2010 to 23days respectively. It is good sign for company is able to collect money in short period. Creditors Collection Period: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Creditors*365227395243090236520 Cost of Sales799489928758 Proportion29days28days28days Interpretation: This ratio is almost same like debtor’s collection period ratio the only difference is that this ratio is to calculate in what time company pay to their creditors. In 2008ratio was 28days which remained same in year 2009 it slight up in year 2010 to 29days. It shows that company’s reputation is very good for payment. % of Wages: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Wages*100134600146600143300 Sales799489928758 Proportion0.17%0.17%0.17% Interpretation: This ratio helps to calculate averagely how much company spend to sale the goods or provide the service. In year 2008 this ratio was 0.17% which remains also same in next two years. It means company’s good management is able to control the wages. Gearing Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Short term lib. overdrafts+ Long Term Lib. *100509700504900518400 Shareholder funds191316443033 Proportion267307171 Interpretation: In gearing Ratio Company finance it from high level loans. In year 2008 this ratio was 171 but in year 2008 it rapidly up to 307in year 2009 but in year 2010 it again come down to 267. It means company did well after 2008 to maintain their gearing ratio. Fixed Assets Turnover: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Sales799489928753 Fixed Assets752078027890 Proportion1.061.151.11 Interpretation: This ratio shows the increase and decrease in utilization of company’s fixed assets. In year this ratio was 1.11 which slight increase in year 2009to 1.15 but just come down in year 2010 to 1.06. Fixed assets somehow depend on the sale of the company. Total Assets Turnover: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Sales799489928753 Total Assets101941014811038 Proportion0.790.890.80 Interpretation: This ratio helps to measure that what is the ratio of company’s total assets turnover. Company’s total assets turnover was 0.80 which was just more in year 0.89 and in year it just down in year to 0.79. Return on Capital Employed: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 P.B.I.T or (L.I.B.T)*100(53100)(40100)88300 Long Term Liabilities+ Share Capital647260067794 Proportion-(8.23)-(6.68)11.33 Interpretation: R.O.C.E ratio is the perfect way to calculate the profitability of the company. R.O.C.E of British Airways was 11.33 in year 2008 which became negative in next two years 2009 and 2010 to -6.68 and -8.23. It clearly reflects that company’s revenue goes up but its profit falls down. It means that company went in loss in last two years. Gross Profit %: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Gross Profit*100%(23100)(22000)87500 Sales799489928753 Proportion(0.03)%(0.03)%0.10% Interpretation: G.P ratio is the share of the company compare to its sales. Gross profit is the margin on sales before deduct tax. In year 2008 company’s profit was 0.10% but in next two years company faces loss ratio 0.03% equally. It means that company definitely not being successful to improve their revenue to make the profit. Net Profit %: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Net Profit/(Loss)*100%(42500)(35800)69600 Sales799489928753 Proportion(2.45)%(4.46)%10.09% Interpretation: Net profit is the remained profit after deduct tax. This amount is the net amount of the company. British Airways conclude 10% net profit in year 2008 but in next two years 2009 and 2010 it shows the loss 5% and 10%. It shows overall strength of the organization. These ratios prove that company faces losses from last two years. Marginal Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Net Profit/(Loss)(425)(375)680 Sales799489928753 Proportion(0.06)(0.05)0.08 Interpretation: Marginal ratio is to calculate the margin of company on net profit. This ratio is very flexible ratio. The marginal ratio of the company in year2008 was 0.08 but in next two years it goes in to negative (0.05) and (0.06). Because company face losses in these two years so it effect marginal ratio of company. Solving Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Shareholder funds *100191300164600303300 Total Assets101941014811038 Proportion18.7716.2227.48 Interpretation: This ratio clearly shows that the solving ratio percentage is down from last 2008 year continuously. In year 2008 the ratio was 27.48 which were good but after that in 2009 it came down to only16.22 but it starts recovering from last year. It is now good sign for company. Assets Cover: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Total Assets101941014811038 Long Term Debt344630742751 Proportion2.963.304.01 Interpretation: Assets cover ratio of the company is coming down from last three years. In 2008 it was 4.01 but in year 2009 it reduced to 3.30 in year 2010 it again fell down to 2.96. This is really not a good sign for the company. Index is enlightening that company’s assets are sharing high proportion of debts which indicates that shareholders are losing faith in company’s performance. Operating Ratio:?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Operating Expenses822592127880 Net Sales799489928758 Proportion1.031.020.90 Interpretation: This ratio shows the overall efficiency of organization. It is an important ratio for any company. In 2008 company ratio was 0.90 which climb up to 1.02 and 1.03 in years 2009 and 2010. It is a good sign for company. It means company will took up their profit in future. IMPACT OF EVENTS: British Airways faced biggest loss of its history ?401 million in year 2008-09. The reason behind that were 15days cabin crew strike and ash cloud due to volcano explosion in Iceland. But April 2010 bring some relief for British Airways when they successfully merge with Lberia the Spanish airways company. After this merger company come back on track company report ?158 million profit in first six months after merger. There was an unexpected raise of 8.4% in revenue. After two years continues loss company first time come up with profit. British Airways expecting good result and definite increase in their profit. RECOMANDATION: British Airways is very well known company. It is true that company faces losses continuously from last two years, But Company handle the situation very effectively. The company merge with Spanish airways company Lberia. After this merge company is come back on track company had made ?158m in first six months. So it is advisable that still company is trustable. After all these still British Airways has bright future. CONCLUSION: After analyse ratios it conclude that British Airways pass through lots of up and downs. Company faces losses from last two years continuously. Still company is able to run their business effectively. In year 2008 company revenue was 8753 which slight up in 2009 to 8992 but in 2010 it was again fall to 7992. There is no doubt that company’s revenue come up in 2009 but if we see company’s gross profits and net profits ratios, company is in loss from last two years continuously. In year 2009 company G.P ratio was (2.45) and in 2010 was (2.89).Same in net profit/(loss) ratio in 2009 was (4.46) and in year 2010 was (6.64). In R.OC.E ratio also shows the negative return after 2008. In 2009 ratio was (6.68) in 2010 it was come up to (8.23). But after merging with Lberia in April 2010 British Airways starts deal with profits which is good sign for company. So it concludes after two years losses still company’s future seems bright. References: https://fame.bvdep.com/version-2011222/cgi/template.dll?checkathens=1kick=1product=1user=student%40beds.ac.ukpw=dsQVymWfUHCPaHwR7YzRVg%3d%3d 20th march 2011 www.Britishairways.com 22nd march 2011 Dyson, John R. – Accounting for non-accounting students 8th edition. FT Prentice Hall. How to cite Financial Ratio Analysis of British Airways, Essay examples

Why Your Business Needs Evergreen Content

by Chris Reid There are many types of content you can publish on your website, blog, and social media channels, but one type of content often gets overlooked: evergreen content. The problem with timely content, which includes news items, current trends, and interviews, is that they can date very quickly. Evergreen content, on the other hand, may cost more to produce initially, but you’re likely to see more benefits in the long term. In this article, we’ll look at what evergreen content is and why every business needs it. What Exactly Is Evergreen Content? If part of your job is to buy or produce unique content for your website, you’re probably already aware of the phrase â€Å"evergreen content.† For those new to the concept, it’s simply content that stays relevant for a long period of time. This means you can take extra care to create it once, and it will continue to attract traffic to your website for years to come. If a piece of content can be linked to and gain traffic long after the original publish date, it’s evergreen. To clarify, let’s look at what evergreen content is not: . News articles . Opinion pieces about news items . Statistics or reports that will date quickly . Content focused on a particular holiday or season . Articles on current trends The Benefits to Your Business Evergreen content helps to define your business and brand as an authority in your field. Consumers crave knowledge more than ever before, so publishing interesting, articles that answers their questions is key to building brand awareness and credibility. There are three main benefits of evergreen content: . It can boost your website traffic. When it’s easier to find your content in search engines, you’ll receive more qualified traffic over a longer period of time . It will continue to generate quality leads. More qualified traffic will lead to more potential customers Examples of Evergreen Content If you’re looking to buy content, here are some great examples of evergreen content you might consider: . Informational ebooks and white papers: Hire ebook writers or white paper writersif your are unfamiliar with the publication process . Articles with tips and advice . How-to articles . â€Å"About Us† pages on your website . Videos that explain how a product or service works . Infographics and other visual material that explain a concept or give step-by-step instructions Evergreen Content and SEO Combining timeless content with relevant keywords is key to an effective content marketing strategy. When you create unique content or buy content, consider the keywords and keyword phrases that you’d like your website to rank for. The most effective evergreen content contains phrases that your target audience are searching for. Remember to stick to basic SEO strategies like building each web page around a variety of keyword phrases. Also, don’t forget meta titles, descriptions, and headlines that will appear in search engine results pages and your social media feeds. The more search-friendly your content is, the more likely it is to be seen, shared, and linked to. In Summary There are many web content services that provide unique content to boost your evergreen content strategy. While its important to buy content and create unique content that will be relevant for years to come, timely, topical pieces also have their value. The best content marketing strategy contains a mix of both, so that your business can attract a variety of leads with different content needs.

Essay Sample on New Religious Movements with Perspectives on Religious Deviance

Essay Sample on New Religious Movements with Perspectives on Religious Deviance New Religious Movements: Theoretical Perspectives on Religious Deviance The subject of deviance, taken from any context be it political, religious or cultural has fueled many heated debates over the decades.   Although the topic has accumulated a rather large body of knowledge, experts, theorists, critics and academicians are no closer to reaching an agreement about anything.   According to Clinard (2004), deviance takes many forms, but the agreement remains elusive about which specific behaviours and conditions constitute deviance. This ambiguity becomes especially evident when some people praise the same behaviour that others condemn. To understand deviance, one must first understand this contradiction:   No consensus reliably identifies behaviour, people, or conditions that are deviant, although most people would say that they know deviance when they see it. (p.2) Despite all the theoretical landmines in this subject arena, Adler and Adler (1994) offer a rather straightforward definition of deviance as violations of social norms.(p.7) For the purposes of this discussion about deviance, particularly the religious deviance of groups known as cults, we will employ such a definition.   Norms are behavioural codes, or prescriptions, that guide people into actions and self-presentations that conform to social acceptability.   Norms need not be agreed on by every member of the group doing the defining, but a clear or vocal majority must agree. (Adler Adler). People may be viewed as deviant due to their behaviour, beliefs, or condition. Among these three, it appears that the judging of behaviour is what most are familiar with.   The behavioural patterns considered as manifestations of a deviant nature may either be intentional or inadvertent. People can, and often are, labelled deviant for alternative attitudes or belief systems that depart from what society considers prescribed norms.   These alternative belief systems may be, but not limited to, a religious or political category, wherein the people who ascribe to such values are considered to hold strange and unorthodox perspectives (e.g. cult members, extreme political leftists, Satanists). (Adler Adler) In the words of Howard Becker (as cited in Adler Adler, 1994), a deviant is an outsider, one who is outside the consensus of what constitutes proper conduct. (p.17) The problem with this dangerously simplistic viewpoint is the rather inescapable fact that everyone is someone else for everyone. Thus, discussions on deviance quickly turn into one of norms and the vain and tiresome quest of searching for universal truths, applicable anywhere and to everyone. Historically speaking, many prescribed behavioural modes or norms of were originally enforced by the powerful arm of the church through the concept of sin. Certain virtues were praised to be mediums to eternal salvation while the transgressions of these rules would lead to the fires of hell.   The use of secular law to regulate to regulate them is a relic of the time when the authority of the state was used to enforce the rules of an established church.   That era is past, but we can see our cultural heritage most clearly perhaps in the laws we inherited from the Puritan theocracy in New England.   We have (or have had in the recent past) laws against blasphemy, obscenity, contraception, Sabbath breaking, extra-marital sexual relations, lewdness, homosexuality, gambling and drunkenness.(Clinard, 2004, p.24) This behavioural inheritance echoes the remnants of a culture in which religion once was dominant.   As times have progressed, our culture has evolved, our economic and technological systems have gotten more and more sophisticated, scientific breakthroughs have occurred and baffled the world, communication and the role of mass media have been emphasized, virtually as the world got smaller in terms of frontiers to be crossed, the role religion as a social glue has waned in importance. If we remove the religious component, the criterion for whether the conduct in question should be forbidden should rest on whether there is any demonstrable, objectively measurable social harm resulting from it.   To determine this, we must separately consider and evaluate each mode of conduct.   In a totally rational world we would expect to find a correlation between the prohibition of conduct and its objective harmfulness.   But this is not a rational world and the correlation does not exist. (Clinard, 2004,p15) Taking note of these contemporary times, nothing is more evident, than the global religious diversity.   And yet, this diversity does not automatically translate to tolerance or even acceptance, as many current events regarding Christianity and Islam may point out.   Often, as many have said though few have believed, it is the inadequacy of these well-established religions to reach some of their followers at a more spiritual level beyond rote recitations of faith that lead others to form counter-religions or counter-cultures offering a new religious path. The period from the late1960s through the middle 1970s was the time when the concept of counterculture of flamboyant political and vigorous protest among the ranks of educated youth in America.   Sociologists such as Robert Bellah and Charles Glock (as cited by Robbins, 1998) â€Å"have interpreted the cultural tumult as essentially a religious crisis or cultural crisis of meaning in which dominant value complexes such as utilitarian individualism were being challenged.(p.1) Sociology, as a scientific discipline, commits itself to the search for general, explanatory theories that shed light, albeit in an abstract way, to the probable causes of empirical change in any given societal situation.   In the sub-area of religion, however, it is extremely difficult to encapsulate the diverse cultural, social and spiritual processes in one neat idea.   Therefore,   the sociological task is to embrace, in analytical formulations of wide application, diverse cultural contents and the unstated but implicit, assumption of sociologists is that their concepts should, like those of natural scientists, be of universal application.   It has been commonplace of modern sociological theory that social systems depend for their integration on value consensus, and that such consensus attains its ultimate expression in religion.(Barker,1982,p.16) The concept of new religious movements, particularly that of the cultic phenomena is extremely problematic for sociologists.   New movements have been a recurring in the different contexts of Christian cultures in the West.   Most of these movements are often ridiculed, persecuted, or suppressed until they cease to be new and eventually cease to be. The term cult is derived from 15th century Latin word for tend, care or cultivate.   Through the years, however, with its increased usage in relation to those religious groups that have been judged as an extreme departure from the average, prescribed norm, the term has lost its original etymological connotation of good. In popular usage this term refers, in an often pejorative way, to those religious movements which have succeeded in recruiting thousands of young members in many countries in the past decades. (Barker, 1982,p.29) The term cult is frequently applied to a wide range of groups political, therapeutic, magical and even scientific.   Those who use the term generally imply that the group is irrational in its beliefs and dogmatically led by a charismatic, possibly unscrupulous leader. Classically, the term cult has applied to various eccentric forms of religious worship and the groups that practice them.   During the past years, however, the word has taken on a pejorative meaning and generally implies that the group is suspect.   Critics use the term to describe groups they regard as false, dishonourable, and predatory and apply it to nonreligious groups that are seen as doctrinaire and extreme.   It can be said that one person’s religion is another person’s cult. (Committee on Psychiatry Religion, 1992) Sociology, in response to the call for explanations for general deviant behaviour offers many theories.   Each may of course be used to explain why certain individuals join these cults and exactly what they are in actual search of.   Popular culture views these cultic members as either crazy, fraudulent or a mixture of both, brainwashing and manipulating impressionable souls out their religious heritage and money.   Sociology prefers to analyze the behaviour and not judge the doer.   Therefore, with suspended judgement, this body of knowledge offers the following theories; chosen from a wide range due present the most-balance approach to explain the religious behaviour of these so-called deviant cults. Differential association theory is a classic, formal sociological statement of an idea familiar to everyone:   people are influenced by their friends.   In religious terms, people will tend to convert to a new religion if the majority of their friends already belong. Edwin H. Sutherlands theory of differential association, which centers on how people learn to be deviant, has become one of the most widely known theories in sociology since it first appeared in his Principles of Criminology in 1947. Sutherlands theory accounts for the cause of an individual’s deviant act, and the epidemiology, or distribution of deviant behaviour as reflected in various rates.   Sutherland argued that deviant group behaviour resulted from normative conflict.   Conflict among norms affects deviance through differential social organization determined by neighbourhood structures, peer group relationships, and family organization.   An individuals normative conflict results in criminal behaviour through differential association in which the deviant learns criminal definitions of behaviour from personal associates. (Adler Adler, 1994)

The Military Draft

The Military Draft The Army is the only branch of the U.S. Armed forces which has relied on conscription, popularly known in the U.S. as The Draft. In 1973, at the end of the Vietnam War, Congress abolished the draft in favor of an all-volunteer Army (AVA). The Army, Army Reserve, and Army National Guard are not meeting recruiting goals, and junior officers are not re-enlisting. Soldiers have been forced to fight in Iraq for long tours of duty, with little relief in sight. These pressures have caused some leaders to insist that reinstating the draft is inevitable. The draft was abandoned in 1973 in large part due to protests and a general belief that the draft was unfair: that it targeted less affluent members of society because, for example, of college deferments. However, that was not the first time Americans had protested a draft; that distinction belongs to the Civil War, with the most famous riots occurring in New York City in 1863. Today the all-volunteer Army is criticized because its ranks of minorities are disproportionate to the general population and because recruiters target less affluent teenagers who have poor job prospects after graduation. It is also criticized for its access to the nations youth; high schools and colleges that receive federal monies are required to allow recruiters on campus. Pros Conscription for military service is a classic debate between individual liberty and duty to society. Democracies value individual liberty and choice; however, democracy does not come without costs. How should those costs be shared? George Washington makes the case for mandatory service: It must be laid down as a primary position and the basis of our (democratic) system, that every citizen who enjoys the protection of a free Government owes not only a proportion of his property, but even his personal service to the defence of it. It was this ethic that led the U.S. to adopt mandatory militia service for white males in the late 1700s. The modern equivalent is voiced by Rep. Rangel (D-NY), a veteran of the Korean War: I truly believe that those who make the decision and those who support the United States going into war would feel more readily the pain thats involved, the sacrifice thats involved, if they thought that the fighting force would include the affluent and those who historically have avoided this great responsibility...Those who love this country have a patriotic obligation to defend this country. For those who say the poor fight better, I say give the rich a chance. The Universal National Service Act (HR2723) would require all men and women aged 18-26 to perform military or civilian service in furtherance of the national defense and homeland security, and for other purposes. The required term of service is 15 months. This differs from a draft lottery, however, as its goal is to apply equally to all. Cons Modern warfare is high tech and has changed dramatically since Napoleans march to Russia, the battle of Normandy or the Tet Offensive in Vietnam. There is no longer a need for massive human cannon fodder. Thus one argument against the draft is that the Army needs highly skilled professionals, not just men with combat skills. When the Gates Commission recommended an all-volunteer Army to President Nixon, one of the arguments was economic. Even though wages would be higher with the volunteer force, Milton Freedman argued that the net cost to society would be lower. In addition, the  Cato Institute argues  that selective service registration, which was reauthorized under President Carter and extended under President Reagan, should also be eliminated: The sign-up was always intended to quickly generate a large conscript armysimilar to Americas 13-million-man military in World War IIfor a protracted conventional war against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact centered in Europe. Today that kind of conflict is a paranoid fantasy. Consequently, the premium for registration insurance would be better spent elsewhere. And an early 1990s  Congressional Research Service report  says an expanded reserve corps is preferable to a draft: A requirement for major increases in combat forces could be met much more quickly by activating more reserves than by instituting a draft. A draft would not provide the trained officers and non-commissioned officers to man effective units; it would only turn out freshly trained junior enlisted recruits.